Niche online publication or podcast

Sponsors and advertisers wanting a targeted audience, plus readers or listeners who pay for memberships or premium content.

Sponsorship slots, advertising, paid memberships and affiliate links. Income usually builds slowly as the audience grows.

• Writing, presenting or producing audio and video
• Consistency in publishing
• Basic marketing and selling sponsorship

• Income can take months to appear, so plan to keep other income at first
• Check advertising rules, including clearly labelling sponsored content and affiliate links
• Be careful with defamation and copyright, and consider media liability insurance
• Reliance on social platforms and search changes can affect your audience

Startup costs are typically estimated at around £100 to £1,500, depending on your equipment, website or hosting choices and how much you do yourself. Many people begin with a simple setup and invest more once they have an audience.

Monthly revenue is typically estimated at around £0 to £1,500, depending on your audience, sponsors and memberships. Income can take months to appear, so plan to keep other income at first, and bear in mind that changes on social platforms and search can affect your audience.

Check advertising rules, including clearly labelling sponsored content and affiliate links. Be careful with defamation and copyright, and consider media liability insurance. Also remember that reliance on social platforms and search changes can affect your audience.